In German, torte means cake, and in French, torta refers to cake. Therefore, the confusion between the two is certainly understandable.

A main difference between a cake and torte is the amount of flour used. While flour is a primary ingredient in cakes, very little flour is used in tortes. Instead, crumbs and finely chopped nuts provide for the main composition in a torte. Other differences include pricing, popularity by country, the heaviness of the dessert, and added ingredients.
Tortes are actually heavier than cakes. Tortes are often made from almond meal, breadcrumbs, or another sort of meal that is blended together with the flour. The base of a cake is just all purpose flour or cake flour, not these other sorts of heavier ingredients.
Flavor is a major reason why tortes are made how they are. However, using these other types of ingredients helps to hold them together better. When you are adding layer upon layer, and making the mixture moist with syrups, you need to have a foundation that is not going to crumble apart at the drop of a hat.
At some point or another in your lifetime, you have probably either made a cake or have watched someone make a cake. Chances are, you did not put any sort of syrup into the mixture. On the other hand, tortes are often soaked in some sort of syrup or liqueur, giving them some flavor and punch.
If you are making a torte, you would start with one thin layer. On top of that, you would add your syrup or your liqueur. Then you would add on another layer, and keep building the torte up in that way. Of course, there are cakes that are layered. The difference here is that the cakes are usually layered with a frosting. Furthermore, tortes are almost always layered, while cakes are not.
Based upon what we have told you about how these two different types of dessert treats are constructed, which one do you think costs more money? If you guessed the torte, you are right! There's clearly additional ingredients going into the mix there.
Furthermore, tortes also take longer to make than a cake, due to the complexity of the ingredients. Therefore, if a store is selling tortes, they need to make more of a profit because they are putting more time and money into making these than they are with cakes.
If you are living in the United States, you probably already know that cakes are more popular here. How often do you go to a restaurant and see a torte on the menu? Probably not too frequently.
When you go over to Europe though, you will find that tortes are more popular with cakes. The reasoning is fairly simple. Torte recipes tend to come from places in Europe; therefore, they are found more frequently on European menus.
We have given you some pretty decent methods of figuring out whether or not a dessert is a cake or torte. However, it can still be a bit confusing. If you are not sure, ask the source of where the treat is coming from, or just forget about what it is and just dig in and enjoy it!